45+ Different Types Of Jade Plants (Crassula) With Pictures and ID

The Crassula genus of plants comprises a number of succulents commonly known as Jade Plants. They belong to the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae), which is famous for its wide variety of succulents well suited for cultivation. Other notable members of the stonecrop family include Echeveria, Sempervivum, and Cotyledon, to name a few.

Whether you are a seasoned, succulent collector or just getting started with these fascinating plants, the Crassula genus is a great place to start. With so many different types of Jade Plants, you will surely find one perfect for your home or garden.

About Jade Plants

The Crassula genus consists of about 200 to 350 species, depending on who you ask. At least 200 species are widely accepted among experts. More types of Jade Plants are named or in contention, but they remain in conflict, with some experts swearing by them and others against them completely.

Jade Plants originate from all parts of the world, but those that are popular in cultivation almost exclusively emerge from South Africa, more specifically, the Eastern Cape. These garden-worthy succulents are then distributed worldwide and make their way to your local garden store. These, along with some other succulents, make for staple succulents no nursery would be complete without.

They are prized for their low-maintenance care and beautiful foliage, ranging in color from light green to deep red. In addition, jade Plants are easy to propagate, making them a great plant to share with friends or to start a new collection.

Taxonomy

The Crassula genus was first described by Linnaeus in 1753 and contained only about ten species at the time of its conception. However, over time more and more new types of Jade Plants have been introduced to the genus adding up to at least 200 and at most 350 species.

Crassula is a diverse plant genus that changes shape over time and readily hybridizes with other genera. Unfortunately, naturally found hybrids complicate the identification process, forcing scientists to look beyond the obvious.

For a long time, the preferred method of differentiating and classifying Crassula was by their flowers. This was an effective way to identify these plants for a time, but as the number of species increased, it became clear that this was not a foolproof method.

Nowadays, identification is carried out by taking into account the entire plant, especially its seedling morphology, stems, and leaves. However, even with this more comprehensive approach, some plants are still misidentified from time to time.

What Are Jade Plants Used For?

Ornamental Plants

The vast majority of Jade Plants are grown for ornamental purposes. This is likely because they are such easy to care for plants that make a great addition to any home or garden. In addition, they come in various shapes and sizes, making them versatile plants that can be used in many ways.

Some people use them as small indoor trees, while others prefer to keep them as low-lying succulents. They can even be trained and shaped into long-lasting bonsai. No matter how you choose to use them, Jade Plants will surely add a touch of beauty to your space.

Lucky Plants

As we mentioned, Jade Plants have a long history of being considered lucky plants. In many cultures, Jade Plants are seen as a symbol of good luck and fortune. This is likely due to their resemblance to coins, which also symbolize wealth.

For this reason, many types of Jade Plants are often given as gifts, especially to those who are starting a new business or undertaking a new venture. They are seen as a way to wish someone success in their endeavors.

Crassula ovata is the true progenitor of this tradition, and gifting an original is always a good choice.

This practice originates from Feng Shui, or Chinese geomancy, where some Crassula types are said to have luck properties.

Medicine

Jade Plants have seen little historical use as medicines. However, recent studies have uncovered a plethora of medicinal benefits that are just waiting to be made into modern medicine. Several species have shown anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-malarial, and insecticidal activities.

A notable example is Crassula ovata, which is used to treat a number of different ailments, mainly concerning bacteria and infections.

Crassula capitella has shown anti-arthritic capabilities.

Of course, you should always consult with a medical professional before using any plant for medicinal purposes.

Fodder

In South Africa, where most of these are native, Jade Plants are used as fodder for livestock. Crassula pentandra is a notable example of Crassula types being used as fodder for local animals. 

They are also known to contain a high concentration of minerals and vitamins essential for animal health.

Humidity

Another positive of having some Jade Plants in your home is their ability to increase humidity in particularly dry and airconditioned areas passively. This means that they can help improve the humidity of a room, which is excellent news for the elderly who depend on an air conditioning system to maintain optimal temperature.

A recent study by the American Society for Horticultural Science has revealed the considerable humidity benefits of some types of Jade Plants and Spider Plants in an indoor setting.

How to Identify a Jade Plant?

There are a few different ways to identify a Jade Plant. Most Crassula types have a distinctive shape that immediately isolates them as Jade Plants. To ID a Jade Plant, judge the plant with these factors in mind.

Leaves:

Most Jade Plants have thick, fleshy, coin-like, jade green leaves. They are often deep green but can also be variegated with shades of yellow, red, or brown. These leaves are what give Jade Plants their succulent-like appearance.

If the leaves of the plant you’re looking at are not succulent, it’s not a Jade Plant. Crassula species are almost exclusively thick and succulent. The leaves tend to be rounded or oval, but oblong leaves are also seen.

The greens of the leaves can be mild, bright, or dark green, but some green is always present. In addition to being green, the leaves almost always have a habit of blushing red in direct sunlight. The degree to which the redness occurs varies. Most types of Jade Plants only blush red along the margins and the tips (Crassula marnieriana); others become half red, half green hybrid leaves (Crassula capitella), while some others turn red completely (Crassula ovata’ Hummel’s Sunset’).

Stems:

Most types of Jade Plants have a very defined and strong branch structure. This is perhaps one of the most identifying factors when it comes to these plants. The branches grow in an alternating pattern and are often quite thick and fleshy.

The branch structure of a Jade Plant is generally very good at supporting the weight of the leaves. This is due to the fact that most Crassula species usually have thick, woody stems. The strength of the stems helps to support the plant and keep it looking upright.

The woody stems make them look like miniature trees. This makes them suited to be grown as bonsai-like trees.

Flowers:

The flowers of a Jade Plant are not particularly showy or spectacular. These small, usually white or pink flowers are usually star-like in shape. They generally only grow on the tips of the branches and appear in clusters of 3-5 flowers. They can also be quite fragrant. Some types of Crassula are monocarpic, i.e., they bloom and then die, but not all.

Jade Plants Photo Gallery

How To Care For Jade Plants

When it comes to Jade Plant care, there are a few things you need to take into consideration. These include:

Light:

Jade Plants grow best in bright light but can also tolerate some direct sunlight. In general, most types of Jade Plants prefer being protected from the harsh sunlight of the afternoon sun but need some degree of sunlight either in the mornings or evenings.

Indoors, this translates into keeping the plants near a windowsill or a patio that receives a good amount of sunlight. Outdoors, this means planting somewhere that’s shaded during the afternoon by a larger tree or wall.

Without enough light, the Jade leaves will start to become pale and etiolated (i.e., they will become long and thin). To combat this, simply move the plant to a brighter location.

If the Jade plant is getting too much light, the leaves will develop brown patches and may even start curling up at the edges. If this happens, simply move the plant to a shadier location.

Soil:

Crassula types grow best in well-draining, sandy soils. This is because they are succulent plants that don’t like retaining water near their roots. Therefore, the soil needs to be able to drain quickly so that the plant’s roots do not become waterlogged and start to rot.

If you’re potting your Jade Plant, use a potting mix that contains some perlite or pumice. This will help to ensure that the soil drains quickly enough.

You can either get an appropriate potting mix from a garden store or mix one yourself. The critical point is good drainage; all else can be overlooked.

Water:

One of the most important things to remember when it comes to Jade Plant care is not to overwater them. These plants are native to regions with very little rainfall, so they are used to surviving on very little water.

When watering your Jade Plant, wait until the soil has completely dried out before watering again. This is usually every 1-2 weeks during the spring and summer months and every 3-4 weeks during the fall and winter months.

If you’re unsure whether or not the plant needs water, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and not water it. Unfortunately, Overwatering is one of the most common reasons for Jade Plants to die.

Temperature:

Crassula species are pretty tolerant of temperature but prefer warm climates. They can withstand temperatures as low as 50°F (10°C) but will start to experience some leaf drop below this point. The ideal temperature range for Jade plants is between 70-85°F (21-29°C).

In cold climates, it’s best to grow your Jade Plant indoors, where the temperature can be more easily controlled.

Humidity:

Jade Plants prefer dry air but are quite tolerant regarding humidity. They can withstand humid conditions but may start to experience some issues if the humidity is too high. The ideal humidity range for most Crassula species is between 30-50%.

Unlike most other succulents, high humidity is not of particular concern with most types of Crassula. Yes, they would like to be in low humidity conditions, but other than a few minor hiccups, they can tolerate high humidity just fine.

Fertilizer:

Jade Plants are not heavy feeders and don’t need to be fertilized very often. If you choose to fertilize your plant, use a succulent fertilizer diluted to half-strength. Fertilize your Crassula species once at the beginning of the growing season (usually spring), and don’t feed your plant after that.

These are slow-growing plants, so don’t feel pressured to add fertilizer when your plant doesn’t need it. It will only have negative consequences down the road.

Propagation:

Technically, there are three methods of propagation; leaf cuttings, stem cuttings, and seeds. However, seeds are rarely used for propagation because the process is so hit and miss. Amateurs rarely delve into seed propagation as a result.

Cuttings:

Jade Plants can be easily propagated from leaf or stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. To propagate from a leaf cutting:

1. Simply snip off a healthy leaf from the plant.
2. Allow the cut end of the leaf to callus over for a few days to a week. If the wound doesn’t heal, your plant will be at risk for root rot.
3. Dip the cutting into a rooting hormone to promote faster growth.
4. Press the leaf into some moist potting mix. Give the potting mix some water beforehand but never afterward.
5. Give the cutting some bright light and a humid atmosphere.
6. Once the roots sprout, water the plant with the barest water possible (drop by drop).
7. After a short wait time (usually a couple of weeks), the roots should have become established completely, and you can begin treating this as a regular Jade Plant.

To propagate from a stem cutting:

1. Choose a healthy stem that has some leaves on it.
2. Cut the stem at a 45-degree angle just below a set of leaves.
3. Let the cuttings dry and callus for a few days before planting them in some moist potting mix.
4. The stem will soon start to sprout roots and new leaves.
5. Follow the same steps as the leaf cuttings, and your plant should become established in a few weeks.

Potting and Repotting:

Jade Plants should be repotted every two to three years. They prefer to be pot-bound and will do just fine in the same pot for a few years. When you repot your plant, choose a pot that is slightly larger than the one it’s currently in.

Use a well-draining succulent or cactus potting mix and make sure the pot has drainage holes.

Water your plant thoroughly before repotting to make sure the roots are moist. This will help prevent shock.

1. Carefully remove your Jade plant from its current pot and shake off any excess soil.
2. Check the roots for signs of rot and cut away any affected roots.
3. Place your plant in the new pot and fill in around the roots with potting mix.
4. Water your plant lightly and make sure the pot drains well.
5. Allow your plant time to adjust to its new home before watering it again.

Common Jade Problems:

Pests:

Jade Plants are relatively resistant to pests but can fall victim to mealybugs, aphids, and scale insects. These pests will suck the sap out of your plant and can cause leaf drops and stunted growth. If you notice these pests on your plants, isolate them immediately and treat them with an appropriate pesticide.

Luckily, most types of Jade Plants lend themselves well to being treated by Neem oil or other horticultural oils. So use these milder methods before resorting to something more extreme.

Diseases:

The most common disease that affects Crassula species is root rot. This disease is caused by overwatering and results in the plant’s roots rotting away. If you think your plant has root rot, look at the roots. They should be white or pale. If they’re brown or black, there’s a good chance your plant has root rot.

Unfortunately, not much can be done for a plant with root rot. The best course of action is to remove the affected roots and hope that the rest of the plant recovers. If the root rot has spread too far, your plant will most likely die.

To prevent root rot, ensure you’re not overwatering your plant and the pot has drainage holes to allow excess water to escape.

Are Jade Plants Toxic?

Jade Plants are considered mildly to moderately toxic to humans and animals. In small doses, these usually aren’t a problem, but it’s always best to be cautious. They can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy, among other things. So keep your pets and children safe and away from Jade Plants.

Popular Jade Plant Types For Indoors

Crassula arborescens (Silver Jade Plant / Chinese Jade Plant)

The Crassula arborescens, native to South Africa, is a small tree that can grow up to four feet in height. The common names Silver Jade Plant, Silver Dollar Jade, and Chinese Jade Plant all refer to the large, round leaves that resemble silver dollars or coins. Crassula arborescens are referred to by many different names, like Silver Dollar, Silver Jade, House Oak, Jade Tree, and many more.

Crassula arborescens is among the most popular types of Jade Plant you are likely to encounter. Cultivars and hybrids of this species of Jade Plant are common.

The grey-green leaves of the Crassula arborescens are disc-shaped and almost completely circular with bright red or maroon margins. These red margins are more accentuated if the plant is in bright light.

The stems only appear on mature plants. This is because juvenile Silver Jade plants tend only to occupy a small space. But as the plant matures, the thick stems branch outward, bearing the leaves on their tips in a curious rosette shape.

White or pink star-shaped flowers appear in clusters in the spring or summer. They rarely occur in cultivation.

• Light: Full sun to light shade
• Mature Size: 2-4 ft.
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Crassula brevifolia

This is a peculiar version of the Jade Plant with much smaller and thicker leaves than the traditional Crassula species. It grows to about 20 inches in height, making it an excellent choice for terrariums and dish gardens.

The small, fleshy leaves are incredibly thick, triangular, and arranged in pairs along the stems. They’re a beautiful green color with red margins that become more pronounced when the plant is exposed to bright sunlight.

The stems are skinny and delicate, almost like spider legs. They tend to droop slightly under the weight of the leaves but don’t cascade.

White or pink flowers appear in the summer. These star-shaped flowers are quite pretty, but the leaves remain the main attraction.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 20 inches
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Crassula capitella (Red Pagoda)

The Crassula capitella is a small, shrubby succulent growing up to 12 inches. It’s native to South Africa and gets its common name from the distinct pagoda-like shape of its leaves. The leaves are arranged in tiers, giving them a unique and exciting appearance.

Each leaf is triangular and tapers to a point, and groups of leaves are stacked on top of each other in a tight spiral that’s quite breathtaking to behold. They’re a beautiful light green color with red highlights. The red color is more pronounced in the winter when the plant is exposed to bright light and cool climates.

Crassula capitella is a low-growing plant, meaning it remains small, height-wise, no matter how much it grows. This makes it particularly suited as a houseplant. However, Crassula capitella can also be used as a groundcover as this plant likes to spread by runners and send up more ‘Pagodas’ around the main plant quite frequently.

The flowers are white and star-like and appear in the summer. They’re not particularly showy, but they add a nice touch nonetheless.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 6 in. tall, 18 in. wide
• Frost Hardiness: 20°F (-6.7°C)

Crassula coccinea (Red Crassula)

The Crassula coccinea is a small succulent that grows only about four inches in height. It’s a native of South Africa and gets its common name from the distinctively red color of its flowers. The red color is much more vibrant when the plant is exposed to bright light.

This plant is a study in vibrancy. The green of the leaves is so breathtakingly green; it’s astonishing. The overall effect is spectacular when coupled with the shockingly red color of the flowers in the summer. This is a gorgeous type of Jade Plant suitable for any space.

This plant forms’ towers’ of tightly arranged oval leaves on an erect stem. The leaves overlap each other quite snugly, hiding the stem underneath entirely. The leaves are pretty fleshy and plump with smooth margins. They’re a beautiful green color with red tips and margins.

In the summer, the gorgeous red flowers appear on the tips of the stems in a flat-topped cluster. Their throats are orange, and their petals are red.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 16 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 20°F (-6.7°C)

Crassula cultrata (Bush Plakkie)

The Crassula cultrata, also known as the ‘Bush Plakkie,’ is a small shrubby succulent that only grows to about four inches in height. It’s a native of South Africa and gets its common name from how its leaves appear flattened and ‘plakked’ (pressed) together.

The leaves are indeed relatively flat and wide with rounded tips. They’re arranged in pairs along the stems that branch quite profusely. These yellow-green leaves are edged with red margins that are more apparent in direct sunlight.

The yellow or yellow-green flowers are small individually, but they appear in clusters on top of a thyrse when the season rolls around.

This charming little plant will quickly fill any pot or garden space it’s given. It does best in well-draining soils and doesn’t like to stay wet for too long. If you live in an area with high humidity, ensure plenty of air circulation to avoid fungal problems.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 32 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Crassula deceptor (Alabaster Towers)

Crassula deceptor, also known as Alabaster Towers, is appropriately named. It is a dwarf columnar succulent with grey-white leaves. This plant is native to Namibia and South Africa.

The Alabaster Towers gets its name from its beautiful, ghostly white leaves. They have a slightly blueish tinge that looks carved out of alabaster. The leaves are short, stubby, and arranged around the stem in a tight columnar shape. They are covered in tiny white spots called papillae. The shape of the leaves makes them stand out from the rest of the bunch quite easily.

The white or pink flowers of the Alabaster Towers are small and delicate. They appear in loosely formed clusters from erect inflorescence that rise above the foliage and bloom for a relatively short time (about two weeks).

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 6 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 30°F (-1.1°C)

Crassula exilis ssp. cooperi (Tiger Jade)

The Tiger Jade (Crassula exilis ssp. cooperi) is a small succulent perfect for growing in containers and rock gardens. This is a miniature variety of Jade Plants, meaning it won’t grow too tall no matter how much time passes. On the other hand, this plant does have a mat-forming habit that can get quite out of hand if left unchecked. If you want this as a groundcover, you’ll have no trouble. However, if you intend to keep your Tiger Jade small, place it in a small pot, and it won’t spread.

The Tiger Jade forms tight rosettes of flattened, triangular leaves with striking white spots. They’re not always perfectly striped like a tiger, but the patterns are there. The more light they get, the more pronounced these spots become.

Crassula exilis ssp. cooperi leaves are a dark green color that blushes a pretty pink when exposed to bright light along the edges.

While the pink flowers are nothing to write home about, they’re still pretty in their own way. They’re small, borne on thick pink stems that rise above the foliage.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 6-8 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 30°F (-1.1°C)

Crassula lactea (Taylor’s Parches)

This is a beautiful yet little-known Crassula lactea. It’s sometimes called ‘Taylor’s Parches’ or simply ‘Taylor’s Jade.’

The plant grows in the form of rosettes with slightly exaggerated, oval leaves. They are light green and grow in a shrub-like pattern on branching stems. Interestingly, juvenile leaves have a fascinating habit of developing small, white dots on their otherwise unmarked margins. These dots are strangely far apart, so each dot is visible on its own.

Crassula lactea flowers are white and are borne in clusters at the ends of the branches. They appear in winter and spring. When they appear, the cluster of white flowers covers the entire plant in its canopy. These star-shaped flowers add a lot of interest to the plant. And, to top it all off, they last several weeks without a hint of fading.

• Light: Light shade
• Mature Size: 12 in. tall, two ft. wide
• Frost Hardiness: 40°F (4.4°C)

Crassula marnieriana (Worm Plant / Jade Necklace)

The Crassula marnieriana, or Jade Necklace, is a low-growing succulent with an exciting appearance. It is an incredibly popular plant in cultivation owing to its gorgeous leaves and growth habit. 

This plant is native to South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland.

When juvenile, the leaves are arranged on a thin, erect stem. The leaves are triangular with an interesting texture and a red tinge that become more pronounced in certain conditions. The mid-green color of the leaves is interrupted by the red tinge they develop when exposed to direct sunlight.

As the Jade Necklace becomes mature, these leaves tend to drag the otherwise erect stem downward under their weight. As a result, the previously upright stems become cascading. The result is a plant perfect for hanging gardens, rockeries, and a subtle background feature.

This growth habit of the stems also earned Crassula marnieriana its common name.

The flowers of the Jade Necklace are small and star-shaped, blooming in late fall to early winter.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 8 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 40°F (4.4°C)

Crassula multicava (Fairy Crassula)

Fairy Crassula (Crassula multicava) is a low-growing succulent that forms mats of fleshy green leaves. It’s native to South Africa, where it grows in mountainous regions.

The leaves are arranged in opposing pairs along the erect stems, each leaf no bigger than a dime. They’re a light green to dark green in color. Their color fades to dark green in shady conditions, but they become light green as the plant is exposed to more light.

The stems are decumbent, meaning they grow low to the ground and send up vertical branches bearing the leaves and the flowers. The result is a small forest popping up almost overnight without any indication. So if you’re planning on filling up an empty space in your garden bed, Crassula multicava might be a good choice.

The flowers appear in winter and spring, blooming in clusters on top of stalks that rise above the foliage. Clusters of pink buds appear above the foliage in the winter. These pink buds develop into gorgeous white, star-like flowers that earn Crassula multicava its name; Fairy Crassula. These flowers are the true show-stealers and the main reason why these plants are popular in cultivation.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 12 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Crassula muscosa (Watch Chain)

Crassula muscosa is a small, low-growing succulent that forms a dense mat of green leaves. It is native to vast swathes of regions between South Africa and Lesotho. It’s commonly known as Watch Chain or Zipper Plant because the leaves are arranged on the stems, which resemble links in a chain or teeth on a zipper.

The jade green leaves are arranged tightly on a thin stem. The leaves are small to begin with, and after they interlock so tightly along the length of the stem, they begin to starkly resemble a chain link.

One of the best things about the Crassula muscosa is that it’s suited for any place in the home or garden. Potted plants or hanging baskets are your best friends if you want to showcase this beauty to its fullest. The stems start out erect, but as they age, they naturally bend downward and cascade. The result is multiple stems or ‘watch chains’ that trail down the sides of the pot in an attractive display.

The flowers are yellow-green and borne on short stalks above the foliage. They open in summer and are incredibly small; appropriate, considering the size of the leave.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 12 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 20°F (-6.7°C)

Crassula nudicaulis (Naked-stalked Crassula)

This is a small, low-growing succulent that’s native to South Africa. It gets its common name from the fact that its inflorescences (not actual stems) tend to have a similar color to the leaves and no foliage on them. So all that’s left behind is a long, naked stalk.

The leaves are thick and fleshy and have a yellow-green tint to them. They’re often described as being powdery or having a waxy coating. They have an oblong shape with a groove in the top portion and a rounded keel at the bottom.

Crassula nudicaulis leaves are very variable, with lots of differences between specimens of the same species. The actual stems are small and inconsequential. They retain the old leaves that have already died out and need constant pruning to keep looking healthy.

With enough sunlight, you’ll see the mid-green leaves blush a healthy red near the margins and tips. As we mentioned, the mild yellow flowers are borne on tall, naked stalks. They appear in clusters at the tip.

• Light: Light shade
• Mature Size: 5 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 20°F (-6.7°C)

Crassula ovata (Jade Plant / Money Plant / Lucky Plant)

The Crassula ovata, native to South Africa, is one of the most popular types of jade plants. It has many common names, including Jade Plant, Money Plant, and Lucky Plant. It was previously classified as Crassula obliqua and Crassula argentea, among others.

Crassula ovata is, without a doubt, the most recognized Crassula in the entire genus. The Money Plant has made its stamp known in cultivation, and there isn’t a gardener alive who isn’t familiar with Crassula ovata.

The Money plant is known for its thick, shiny leaves that are shaped like coins. The leaves are a glossy, smooth, rounded, egg-shaped wonder borne on woody, brown stems. They are a deep green color with a slightly red edge that gets pronounced in the presence of sunlight. These leaves are arranged at the tips of the branches in clusters.

Along with all the other positives, Crassula ovata is also known to be used as a starter bonsai tree to allow new enthusiasts to get a taste. These are more forgiving than traditional bonsai but showcase similar characteristics and a huge lifespan.

• Light: Bright Light or Dappled Shade
• Mature Size: 3 ft. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 45°F (7.2°C)

Crassula perfoliata var. minor / Crassula falcata (Propeller Plant)

The Crassula perfoliata var. minor, also called the Propeller Plant or Crassula falcata, is a succulent that’s native to South Africa. It gets its common name from the shape of its leaves, which are long and thin with a curve at the end that resembles a propeller blade.

The Propeller Plant has long been known as Crassula falcata, its old, incorrect name. However, many garden centers still feature this plant under the same name; Crassula falcata.

The plant grows up to relatively mid-sized, which is suited both as a houseplant and as a garden feature.

The real star of the show is the unique leaf shape. The leaves are a mid-green color with a propeller or sickle-like shape. They’re thin all the way through, about 1 inch wide, and about 4-5 inches long. On top of that, they are arranged alternatively on an erect green stem. The way they are arranged looks like many propellers of an airplane stacked together.

The flowers are a bright red in color and appear in clusters around the tips of the stems. They are rarely seen outside of summer. But when they do appear, they last for over a month, give or take.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 2 ft. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Crassula perforata (String of Buttons)

The String of Buttons (Crassula perforata) is a small succulent native to South Africa. It’s a popular Crassula quite popular among succulent lovers as a small desktop plant.

The String of Buttons gets its common name from the way its leaves are arranged. The leaves are tightly compacted along the stem, giving it a button-like appearance. The leaves are also slightly triangular in shape and have an indentation in the center. They are also known to have red margins with white dots to add contrast.

The leaves are arranged in tight spirals along the length of thin, erect stems that tilt and cascade under the weight of the leaves. This makes these plants perfect for hanging baskets.

Crassula perforata spreads quite easily by suckers. If you want to have a small colony of these beauties, just give it some empty soil to grow and watch nature do the rest.

The flowers of Crassula perforata are beautiful but deadly to the aesthetic of the plant. The stems tend to fade away and become unsightly once they’re done flowering, so most gardeners tend to nip the problem in the bud, literally.

• Light: Light or deep shade
• Mature Size: 18 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 20°F (-6.7°C)

Crassula pubescens (Jersey Pigmyweed)

Crassula pubescens (Jersey Pigmyweed) is a succulent that’s native to South Africa. It is a small shrub that remains small for the entirety of its lifetime.

This miniature plant is perfect for rock gardens, dish gardens, and any other type of container garden where you want to add some texture without taking up too much space. The leaves are round and slightly cupped with a powdery coating that makes them appear fuzzy.

They’re green in color that transforms into a gorgeous red in direct sunlight. Instead of only turning red at the margins or the tips like most other Jade Plants, the Crassula pubescens likes to turn completely red. This color contrasts beautifully with the white fuzz coating and gives the plant an interesting appearance.

Bright yellow flowers appear on thin red stalks that rise from the mass of foliage. These flowers tend to appear in winter, but spring flowering is not unheard of.

Bear Paw Jade (Crassula pubescens subsp. rattrayi) is a notable subspecies.

• Light: Bright, indirect light
• Mature Size: 15 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Crassula pyramidalis (Pagoda Mini Jade)

This miniature Crassula pyramidalis, also known as the Pagoda Mini Jade, is perfect for small gardens and indoor spaces. It’s a dense succulent that grows in the shape of an upright pagoda, hence the name.

Appearance-wise, Crassula pyramidalis is similar to the Red Pagoda (Crassula capitella), but more compact and tightly bound. The leaves are mostly green, with only slight hints of red on the leaves that form the tip of the Pagoda. They grow stacked on top of each other very densely, with barely any space in between, giving the plant a tiered appearance.

The plant grows by decumbent branches (low to the ground), forming informal colonies of Pagodas in the space they are given.

This plant’s white or pink flowers bloom in clusters at the tips of the Pagoda. They appear in late winter or early spring. They last only a few days, but they’re worth waiting for. Unfortunately, Crassula pyramidalis is monocarpic, meaning it dies once it flowers.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 6 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Crassula rupestris (Rosary Vine)

The Crassula rupestris, native to South Africa, is a succulent that grows in the form of a vine. It has many common names, including Rosary Vine and String of Hearts.

The leaves of this plant are small and oval or lanceolate with a distinct red edge. They grow on long stems that can reach up to six feet in length.

The leaves are the true reason why Crassula rupestris is so popular among enthusiasts. In summer, the mid-green leaves turn gorgeous red and yellow, changing their color completely. The insides of the leaves turn yellow and red coloration appears on the margins. They are fleshy and fat, nearly triangular, and arranged in opposite pairs along the stems.

Crassula rupestris stems are woody near the base and turn more and more succulent as they extend outward. The pink flowers fluctuate between a light pink or a deep pink color and appear in terminal clusters at the apex of the stems. These flower clusters brilliantly contrast with the rest of the plant, though they only last a short while.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 20 in. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 20°F (-6.7°C)

Crassula tomentosa (Wooly Crassula)

Wooly Crassula (Crassula tomentosa) is a small succulent Crassula species that forms mats of loosely packed, oval leaves. It’s native to South Africa and gets its common name from the soft, woolly coating covering the leaves’ margins. The white fuzz not only looks like wool but also feels like it.

The leaves are thick and mostly oblong or obovate in shape. They form peculiar rosettes with pairs of leaves only arranged on a single side in a two-ranked form. They are grey-green in color, which contrasts quite nicely with the wooly white hairs that cover their margins.

When looked at from afar, it looks like alternating lines of white and greens that form an oval shape. These are considered excellent garden features to add contrast.

The flowers of the Wooly Crassula are small and white, borne on stems that can reach up to 2 feet in length. They appear in early or midsummer and last for several weeks.

However, note that, unlike most other Jade Plants, the Crassula tomentosa is a frustrating plant to grow. It requires exact growing conditions and recurring care to thrive.

• Light: Full sun to part shade
• Mature Size: 2 ft. tall
• Frost Hardiness: 25°F (-3.9°C)

Notable Jade Plant Hybrids and Cultivars

Crassula ‘Alice Herbert’

Crassula’ Alice Herbert’ is a beautiful, stemless rosette with rounded or scalloped grey-green leaves forming a clump low on the ground. The grey color isn’t actually the leaf color but rather an effect of the tiny, barely visible white coating covering the mid-green leaves.

It is a cross between Crassula tomentosa and Crassula’ Coralita.’

Crassula ‘Angela’

This beautiful, low-growing Jade Plant forms dense rosettes of fleshy, bright green leaves. The margins of the leaves develop an attractive red hue under direct sunlight. The attractive leaves lose their plumpness with age.

It is a spontaneous cross between Crassula alstonii and Crassula hirtipes.

Crassula’ Buddha’s Temple’

An extremely attractive Pagoda forming Jade Plant, the ‘Buddha’s Temple’ inherits the stacking nature of its leaves from one of its parents, Crassula pyramidalis. However, the Pagoda formed as a result is even more attractive and eye-catching due to the uniquely curving leaves that form an almost perfectly square towering structure.

It is a cross between Crassula pyramidalis and Crassula perfoliata var. minor.

Crassula’ Fernwood’

This is an excellent Jade Plant for containers due to its slow growth rate and manageable size. It forms rosettes of small, ovate leaves with purple hues intertwining with the bright colors of the rest of the leaves. Purple peduncles in winter are particularly striking.

It is a cross between Crassula namaquensis ssp. comptonii and Crassula susannae.

Crassula’ Blue Bird’

This is a relatively large, thick-stemmed Jade Plant that forms charming shrubs of blue-green leaves. The margins of the leaves are lined with red hues, particularly noticeable when exposed to direct sunlight.

It was long thought to be a cross between Crassula arborescens and Crassula ovata, but later discoveries revealed it to be a unique form of Crassula arborescens subs. undulatifolia.

Crassula’ Ripple Jade’

The beautiful Ripple Jade Plant defines itself with its deeply ripple-edged leaves. Ripple Jade leaves are thick and fleshy, designed to store water in its arid native habitat. The rippling leaves are adorned with red margins in direct sunlight.

Like the ‘Blue Bird,’ ‘Ripple Jade’ is also a different form of Crassula arborescens subs. undulatifolia.

Crassula ovata ‘Obliqua’

This Jade Plant forms low-growing rosettes of thick, ovate, slightly pointing leaves. In direct sunlight, the mid-green leaves blush a gorgeous purple. Another variety, called Obliqua Tricolor, has even more hues that become pronounced under sunlight.

This is a cultivar of Crassula ovata of uncertain origins.

Crassula ovata’ Pixie’

A very popular Jade Plant cultivar, the ‘Pixie’ is a slow-growing plant that reaches about 20 inches in height. It forms rosettes of tiny ovate leaves with beautiful red margins that become highlighted in full sun.

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata, picked for its exceptionally easy-to-care for nature.

Crassula ovata ‘Ruby’

A fast-growing Jade Plant that forms rosettes of large, fleshy leaves. The leaves are ovate with ruby-red margins that become more pronounced in direct sunlight. It remains relatively compact throughout its lifetime.

It is a selected form of Crassula ovata.

Crassula ovata ‘Sienna’

Like most types of Jade Plants, this has glossy green leaves with the characteristic fleshiness. The difference is the incredibly compact growth habit that sees this version of Jade Plant containing itself in a small space. Perfect for small pots.

It is a selected form of Crassula ovata.

Crassula ovata ‘Tricolor’

A very popular Jade Plant, the ‘Tricolor’ is easily distinguished by its variegated leaves. The margins of the leaves are a creamy yellow that extends inwards to form streaks and spots of color. In direct sunlight, the tips of the leaves develop a rosy hue. It is also known as ‘Lemon and Lime,’ a reference to the yellow and green colors of the variegated leaves.

This is a cultivar of Crassula ovata of uncertain origins.

Crassula ovata’ Botany Bay’

A relatively understated cultivar of the Jade Plant, the ‘Botany Bay’ has glossy green leaves with creamy yellow margins. In direct sunlight, the tips of the leaves develop a rosy hue. It is not as unique as some other cultivars, but it is dependable and doesn’t droop or lose its luster over time.

This is a cultivar of Crassula ovata of uncertain origins.

Crassula ovata ‘Crosby Compact’

A very popular Jade Plant, the ‘Crosby Compact’ is easily distinguished by its compact growing habit, though it can get quite tall if given enough space. It features bright green leaves with significant red blush as a result of dry summers. New leaves can sometimes come out entirely red.

This is a cultivated variety of Crassula ovata quite popular among gardeners.

Crassula ovata ‘Gollum’

One of the most popular Jade Plants, the ‘Gollum,’ is easily distinguished by its tube or trumpet-like leaves that have bright red tips. ‘Gollum’ grows like a small shrub, with a woody main stem growing increasingly weathered with age.

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata for its distinctive leaf shape.

Crassula ovata ‘Gollum Variegata’

This cultivar features the same distinctive leaves with bright red tips, a variegated version of the’ Gollum’ Jade Plant. The difference is the streaks and spots of creamy yellow that adorn the leaves. In direct sunlight, the tips of the leaves develop a rosy hue.

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata for its distinctive leaf shape.

Crassula ovata ‘Hobbit’

A very dwarf version of the ‘Gollum’ Jade Plant, the ‘Hobbit’ is also easily distinguished by its tiny tube or trumpet-like leaves that have bright red tips. It is often confused with ‘Gollum’ due to their strikingly similar shapes. But ‘Hobbit’ tends to be much smaller than ‘Gollum’ with practically no stem to speak of, unlike the woody stems present in ‘Gollum.’

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata for its distinctive leaf shape.

Crassula ovata’ Hummel’s Sunset’ (Golden Jade Tree)

An extremely popular Jade Plant, the Crassula ovata Hummel’s Sunset, or Golden Jade Tree, features bright golden yellow leaves tinged with red hues. The red coloration becomes more pronounced in the cooler months. It is also the winner of the prestigious Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society.

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata, picked for its distinctive golden yellow leaves. It is also sometimes known as the Golden Jade Tree due.

Crassula ovata ‘Minima’

A very small and delicate-looking Jade Plant, the ‘Minima’ is perfect for those gardeners with limited space. It has tiny jade green leaves with a reddish tinge. The white and pink flowers appear in the summer months.

This is a miniature cultivar of Crassula ovata, selected for its small size.

Crassula ovata’ Pink Beauty’ (Pink Jade)

A relatively new cultivar of the Jade Plant, the ‘Pink Beauty’ is easily distinguished by its pink flowers that appear in the winter months. It has glossy green leaves with a reddish tinge which are quite similar to other types of Jade Plants.

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata, picked for its striking pink flowers.

Crassula ovata’ Harbour Lights’

The Harbour Lights is a Jade Plant with Jade green leaves with tips that turn red when exposed to sunlight. This plant is known for its ability to turn strikingly red for a long period of time. It is a relatively new cultivar and was introduced into the market in the late 2010s.  

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata for its distinctive leaf color.

Crassula ovata ‘Skinny Fingers‘

The Skinny Fingers is a Jade Plant with long, slender green leaves with red tips. This is a version of the ‘Gollum’ cultivar with similar tube-shaped leaves, but this time the leaves are very thin, unlike those seen in ‘Gollum.’

This is a selected form of Crassula ovata for its distinctive leaf shape.

Crassula rubricaulis’ Candy Cane’

The ‘Candy Cane’ is a beautiful succulent with long, slender leaves that are variegated in three shades; white, green, and red. The actual leaves are white and green but blush red in full sun. This plant is named after its candy cane-like striped leaves.

This is a naturally occurring mutation of Crassula rubricaulis.

Crassula sarmentosa ‘Comet’

The ‘Comet’ is a gorgeous Jade Plant with uncharacteristically large yellow and green leaves. The leaves are heavily variegated with a thick green stripe that runs along the length of the leaf, with the rest of the leaf surface being a bright yellow. It is named after its comet-like streak of green in the middle of each leaf. The edges of the leaves are heavily serrated.

This is a selected form of Crassula sarmentosa, picked for its distinctive leaf coloration. It is also known as Crassula sarmentosa ‘Variegata.’

Crassula Sericea ‘Hottentotta’

The ‘Hottentotta’ is a small shrublet with striking small leaves packed tightly together. The leaves are small and ovate with a pointed tip. The leaves are thick and stubby (mesemb-like), covered in small papillae on their entire surface.

It is a variety of Crassula Sericea with the accepted name Crassula Sericea var. Hottentotta.

Crassula’ Silver Springtime’

A relatively slow-growing Crassula species, the ‘Silver Springtime’ is easily distinguished by its thick, stacking leaves. The jade green leaves form a tilting tower of stacking leaves that ends in a terminal axis that bears clusters of white and pink flowers in the season.

This is a hybrid Jade Plant of unknown origin.

As you can see, there are many different types of jade plants to choose from! Whether you’re looking for a plant with striking leaves or one that is easy to care for, there is definitely a jade plant out there for you. So what are you waiting for? Go ahead and add one of these beautiful plants to your home today!

What Is The Difference Between a Jade Plant (Crassula ovata) and a Dwarf Jade Plant (Portulacaria afra)?

The Jade Plant (Crassula ovata) and the Dwarf Jade Plant (Portulacaria afra) are often confused since they look similar.

Look at the leaves to tell a Portulacaria afra plant apart from a regular Jade Plant. A Dwarf Jade Plant will usually have smaller leaves on a thinner stem.

Other than that, these two plants are very similar in appearance and care. They’re both used as bonsai plants by enthusiasts.

FAQs

References

• “Crassula brevifolia” by ClatieK is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.
• File:Crassula capitella 2 edit3.jpg” by Eric Hunt (Photograph edited by Waugsberg: rotation, crop, background copied in tiny parts of the bottom corners) is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5.
• “File:Crassula muscosa 3zz.jpg” by Photo by David J. Stang is marked with CC BY-SA 4.0
• “File:2007 crassula perfoliata.jpg” by Rl is marked with CC BY-SA 3.0
• “Crassula coccinea ‘Red Crassula’” by Marius Coqui is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
• File:Crassula tomentosa Gifberg 01.jpg by Dwergenpaartje is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
• Crassula cultrata Betleh – Copy by S Molteno is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
• “Crassula deceptor and Crassula elegans ssp. elegans (Crassulaceae)” by Dr. Alexey Yakovlev is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
• Crassula exilis ssp. cooperi via crassulaceae.ch
• “File:Crassula lactea 2019-12-13 6269.jpg” by Salicyna is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
• “200710 100 Encinitas – San Diego Botanic Gdn, So African Gdn, Crassula nudicaulis var platyphylla, Faucaria tigrina Tiger Jaws” by cultivar413 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
• “180803 196 SD Botanic Gdn – Overlook Succulent Gdn, Crassula pubescens ssp radicans” by cultivar413 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
• “201030 008 Lakeside CA – Daniel’s Specialty Nursery, Sedum adolphii ‘Oranges’, Crassula ovata ‘Hummel’s Sunset‘” by cultivar413 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
• “Crassula Gollum” by laurent7624 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
• “Crassula ovata’ Variegata’ Tricolor Jade Plant at Waterwise Botanicals Nursery, Bonsall, CA USA 171114” by cultivar413 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
• “crassula hottentotta” by Маршрутизатор is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
• “201009 056 San Diego Botanic Garden – South African Garden, Crassula sarmentosa’ Comet'” by cultivar413 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
• “crassula ovata obliqua ‘tricolor’” by srboisvert is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
• “180323 071 Waterwise Botanicals Nursery, Bonsall CA – Crassula arborescens subsp undulatifolia Ripple Jade, Agave colorata” by cultivar413 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.